For many years, the final paragraph of the famous Ziyārat 'Āshūrā has been the preoccupation of thinkers. Some have argued for its "Non--Originality" of this phrase and others have rejected them. In the article "Analysis and Criticism of One of the Paragraphs of the Popular Version of Ziyārat 'Āshūrā "-which was published in 2013 in the scientific and research biannual "Kitāb Qayyim"-the respected authors have tried to prove with four criteria that: the final paragraph of the Ziyārat 'Āshūrā in Kāmil al-Ziyārāt and also the old manuscripts of Miṣbāḥ al-Mutuhajid by Sheikh Ṭūsī, which do not include the phrase "wabda' bihi 'Awalan Thumma al-Thānī wa al-Thālith wa al-Rābi'" are preferable to the later manuscripts of Miṣbāḥ al-Mutuhajid, which contain this phrase. In the following article, the author has reviewed the reasons presented in that article.

Ziyyarat ASHURA is well-known and highly regarded by the Shii scholars and ordinary people. This ZIYARAT has had a great influence on belief and custom aspects of Shiite culture. However some scholars have criticized the text or documents of this ZIYARAT. Thus it is not only necessary but useful to investigate its chain of authorities and documents. This ZIYARAT is found in four versions, in two books (viz. Ibn Quluyeh’s al-ZIYARAT and Sheikh Tusi’s Misbah al-Mutahajjid). Utilizing hadith and rijal sources, this paper deals with existing ambiguities in their chain of authorities and documents and states the reasons for their reliability or unreliability. The author also views this ZIYARAT from an historical perspective.

This study examines the authenticity and content of two ZIYARATs related to Imam Hussein (AS), i.e. Nahiya and Rajabiya ZIYARATs. After a brief introduction of the oldest sources of the ZIYARATs, the paper initially deals with reviewing each Ziarat in terms of authenticity and then goes on studying their contents. In the end, the study comes to the conclusion that although the mentioned ZIYARATs do not have the necessary authenticity regarding being narrated by the infallible Imams, they are worth considering as the extant texts from the sixth and seventh centuries.

Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abbas Najashi proficient at rijal science and the author of the first and most important Shiite rijal work namely Fihrist Asmai Musannaf al-Shiah (or al-Najashi's rijal).Although the author's aim was to list Shiite works and books, however there are useful information about the compilers of books, their classes, their race and genealogies and finally their academic status and authenticity of their works. Studying and evaluating the method used by Najashi, the author of this paper tries to display his efforts in providing general information about compilers and his method in presenting them.

All over the world, Shi’as would hold the ceremony in memory of Karbala Martyrs in Muharram. The Afghan Shi’as would also hold this ceremony in mourning for martyrs of Karbala, and this has been done since the Shiism came to this country.The present article has dealt with this in two parts: the first is a short mention of the historical course of mourning for Imam Hussein in Afghanistan and especially in Kabul. In the second part, we have dealt with the style of mourning, the signs and symbols, females’ mourning, the structure of Tekyas (the buildings dedicated to mourning for Imam Hussein), and the way people hold this ceremony in Kabul. This part is based on the writer’s observations and his interviews with informants.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the event elements of ASHURA-driven organizational culture based on ASHURA-driven conduct. The research method used was exploratory and qualitative thematic analysis method was used to extract the themes from religious sources related to ASHURA and ASHURA-driven culture. The statistical population of this study involved all authoritative books and articles within the Islamic culture and ASHURA-driven conduct, while the statistical sample involved all authoritative books and articles of the foregoing domains available to the researchers. In order to extract the themes, first descriptive coding was done which resulted in the extraction of basic themes. Then, in the interpretive coding stage, the basic themes were categorized so as to achieve the organizing themes. The last step was to determine the universal themes that encompassed all of the above-mentioned themes. All in all, this study identified 28 descriptive themes, 13 organizing themes, and 3 universal themes. The validity of the findings was confirmed using the opinions of five experts. The findings indicated that the main components of the ASHURA-driven organizational culture could be classified as stance-related, orientation-related, and actrelated. At the end, an analysis of the ASHURA-driven organizational culture's event elements is presented using the ASHURA-driven culture.

Personal autonomy is Educational goal based on the ability to Free choice and independent. . Because the media want to restrict people's freedom of thought. And make them slaves of thought. The purpose of this article is to introduce a proper model of Personal Autonomy. this present study which is a kind of qualitative researches, by analyising the behavioral method of the great leader of ASHURA movement. The findings are divided into two parts. Findings related to Autonomy in the educational approach of Imam Hussein (AS) and his followers and findings related to the approach of the enemies of Imam Hussein (AS). The findings based on Personal Autonomy criteria (originality, reason, and will) are: Imam Hossein's performance and his followers show that they were autonomous people. Imam Hussein gave his followers choice and freedom. And this is the basis of Autonomy We see in the section on the behavior of the enemies of Imam Hussein, They do not have authenticity, reflectively and strength of will and they are heteronomous.

ZIYARATe Rajabiyyah, which has greeted 90persons claimed to be martyred in Karbala, was narrated by Inb Tawoos in 7th century. This Ziarat, which is a, ributed to Imam Zaman, is regarded as a reliable source to find out the names of martyrs of Karbala. But its relation to Imam Zaman (a) ant its authenticity is doubtful, because in this ZIYARAT some of the enemies of Imam al-Hosayn were hailed too. Due to this fact and other problems such as its chain of narration it is not reliable. This article is aimed to prove the unreliability of this ZIYARAT as a source for finding out the names of martyrs of Karbala.

Being an international language used in reliable scholarly reference books, English enjoys a unique status among the world languages. The present article is an attempt to study "ASHURA" in a number of English reference books. The study shows that ASHURA is looked at more from a Sunnite perspective introducing it as a day of "recommended fast" rather that a Shiite one. Only few of these sources have handled the matter from a Shiite point of view.

Nowadays, ASHURA and martyrdom of Holy Imam Hossein are viewed as a culture, of which the different narrations have been written in the history. Penetration of this culture into soul of Muslims caused it to the art and literature as one of the commonest artistic forms of ASHURA School is Asura Poetry. Fuad Kermani (19th Century) is an ASHURA poet who views to ASHURA with a lovely and mystical narration. This essay introduces the specifications of poetry style of this poet in ASHURA poetry: lyric and lovely language and presentation, mystical and philosophical acquisitions, connection to Quran and Narrations, variety of word, etc, and also in ontology, the ASHURA poetry periods and completion of mystical and lovely view to ASHURA have been involved in Persian literature. Fuad’s unity in ASHURA lovely lyric is a finding of this essay.